Don’t Overlook Trailer Anchor Points

Open-deck or platform trailers are a cargo conveyance. But because those trailers are also the device to which the cargo is secured for transport, they in fact become part of the cargo securement system. The stake pockets, pipe spools, winch rails, chain pockets, etc., are all considered anchor points to which other securement devices are attached, such as chains and straps. While DOT officials say these trailer parts are seldom cited for violations, one can only imagine the risk and futility of chaining a steel coil to a cracked or damaged anchor point.

“Cargo securement violations are almost always insufficient or defective tie-downs vs. the actual trailers,” noted one trooper from North Dakota, relayed to us through Kerri Wirachowsky, director of roadside inspection programs at the Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance.

A trooper from Wisconsin referred us to the North American Standard Out-of-Service Criteria handbook, which on page 38 of the 2018 edition refers to anchor points. Possible OOS conditions include broken or cracked side or pocket rails, supports or welds; bent or distorted rails where hooks or fittings attach; and floor rings nicked, gouged, worn, twisted, bent, stretched or with broken welds.

As with other components of a tie-down assembly, it’s up to the component manufacturer to design and then rate the product according to the DOT requirements with respect to in working load limits. With cargo straps, for instance, the WLL (working load limit) is labeled or stenciled onto the product, while chains should be embossed with the manufacturer’s rating – Grade 7 Transport – in most cases where cargo securement is its purpose. Trailers, however, usually have a stamp or a sticker somewhere on the chassis indicating the WLL rating of the pockets, spools, etc., for that trailer.

Typically, those fixtures are rated for a minimum of 5,400 pounds WLL, though some may be higher, especially on heavy-haul equipment. On those trailers, WLL ratings of D-rings and the like can go as high as 8,000 pounds. Components without ratings, including trailer fixtures, could be downrated by inspectors, and that could compromise the aggregate WLL calculations for your tie-downs.

Inspections and repairs

Because they are engineered products and built to a standard, repairs should be left to qualified personnel with the proper equipment.

“Repairs should only be undertaken by authorized and certified repair shops,” says Mark Sabol, product manager-platform trailers at East Manufacturing. “Otherwise the ratings and/or the certified pull-testing that was done for that tie-down point could be jeopardized and/or rendered invalid.”

East recommends a monthly inspection of the pipe spools and stake pockets, because they can be damaged by overly tight chain binders or heavy loads that shift in transit. Drivers will sometimes wrap a chain completely around a stake pocket or drop the chain into the pocket and pull it up along one side of the pocket. This can exert more stress on one side than the other. Some drivers will simply hook the grab hook to the side of the stake pocket rather than passing it through or around the pocket and hooking back onto the chain. Again, this can cause undue stress to the welds.

“Pockets and spools will only fail if there has been a significant event,” Sabol says. “For instance, if a piece of cargo shifts, it will place additional load on the stake pocket. Drivers use the equipment every day and should be reporting damage or defects, but regular visual inspections are very important.”        

Jeff Luick, Northeast account executive for cargo-securement provider Kinedyne, also does much of the company’s training. “Technicians doing inspections should be looking for any bent or visibly deformed metal structure, any cracks or tears or broken welds,” he says. “I have seen instances where the equipment was overwhelmed by the weight of a load, like a big excavator. I’ve seen where the D-rings actually bent, and the welds broke when one of those things came loose."

Rub rails and winches

One part of the trailer that’s more frequently damaged is the rub rail, or tarp bar as it’s sometimes called. It’s not considered an anchor point in most cases, yet some drivers insist on using it as such. Securing cargo to the rub rail is not a recommended practice, Sabol adds. “In fact, at East we do not even rate the rub rail, because it’s not a recognized tie-down point. Drivers are not supposed to connect hooks or straps directly to the rub rail.”

The rub rail is there to protect the tiedown equipment in the event the vehicle is scraped along the side in a sideswipe, or if it were to roll over and scrape along the ground. The rub rail is designed to protect the tie-down from being damaged or ripped away, which would cause a loss of some or all of the cargo.

But since drivers insist on securing cargo directly to the rub rail, it’s probably in the fleet’s best interest to make sure they are intact, with no cracks or broken welds at the attachment points.

Down underneath the deck on many platform trailers are winch tracks, used for sliding winch assemblies or as attachment points for flat hooks on synthetic webbing tiedown assemblies. These, too, should be inspected periodically.

The American Trucking Associations’ Technology & Maintenance Council Recommended Practice 739, Maintenance, Inspection and Operating Guidelines for Cargo Securement Systems of Flatbed Trailers, offers the following advice for inspecting winch tracks:

• Tracks provided to allow sliding winch assemblies should be inspected to ensure secure mounting of the track to the trailer. Further, the track ends should provide positive stops to prevent unused winches from falling off.
• Ratchet tie-downs (web strap ratchets) shall be inspected for cracked or deformed frames, damaged or missing pawls, ratchet teeth, and handle release cams. The ratchet and release should operate smoothly. The hook end of the ratchet assembly should not be cracked or deformed. The anchor end bolt shall extend through the lock nut at least 1-1/2 threads. If equipped, anchor endpins should have the cotter pin inserted and bent 180 degrees apart. Anchor end webbing should not be frayed or cut at the hook or anchor pin.

This guidance applies especially to permanently attached ratchet tie-downs, which may not get inspected as frequently as portable devices.

Luick suggests removing the strap from the winch occasionally to inspect the mandrel, or the roller upon which the strap is rolled. “In addition to inspecting the winch itself for structural integrity and to ensure it’s not cracked, you should make sure the mandrel isn’t bent or deformed. If a heavy load shift were to shift, that is the part that could be damaged or weakened,” he advises.

And finally, Fontaine Trailers recommends inspecting the condition and the mounting points for DOT bulkheads or header boards. “The bulkhead must be secured to the trailer properly to obtain the full load rating shown on the bulkhead nameplate,” the operator’s manual suggests.

“The bulkhead assembly must be attached to the floor/skirt with bolts, washers and nuts across the front of the bulkhead and secured with fasteners installed one in the roadside stake pocket and the other in the curbside stake pocket.” The manual offers hardware recommendation and torqueing specifications as well, which might vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.

Open-deck trailers require a little more attention because they are part of a cargo securement system. There’s little point in buying the best and strongest straps and chains in the world if the trailer’s anchor points aren’t up to the task.

Originally posted on Trucking Info